AFRL, industry launch revolutionary spacecraft technology - Oscillating Heat Pipes

  • Published
  • By Air Force Research Laboratory Public Affairs
KIRTLAND AIR FORCE BASE, N.M. (AFRL) – The Air Force Research Laboratory has partnered with ThermAvant Technologies and Maxar Technologies to develop and deploy the next generation of spacecraft thermal control technology.  
 
The groundbreaking technology, Oscillating Heat Pipes (OHPs), provides lightweight and highly efficient temperature control on higher power yet smaller spacecraft. The OHP was recently launched in the second quarter of 2021 on a Maxar-built satellite.  
 
“Maxar adopts the most innovative technologies to benefit our customers’ missions, and we are proud to support the commercial use of oscillating heat pipes developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory and ThermAvant Technologies,” said Chris Johnson, Maxar’s Senior Vice President of Space. “This technology allowed us to provide increased capability to our customer in satisfying their desired performance needs.” 
 
Using OHPs instead of an active thermal management subsystem enables the United States Space Force to accomplish its missions at a lower cost. 
 
It should be noted that though the structure of the OHP is static the fluid oscillates within the micro-channels of the structure, causing the heat transfer.
 
“Oscillating heat pipes have flown in space before, but now OHPs are being relied upon to serve a mission purpose,” said Jon Allison, the thermal thrust lead, for the Spacecraft Component Technology Branch of the AFRL Space Vehicles Directorate. “The on-orbit operation of OHPs marks an important milestone in the technology transition.” 
 
Allison’s colleague, Brent Taft, has spent more than a decade leading Air Force OHP research, and said he is ecstatic to see OHPs now being used on real world spacecraft. 
  
“The success of this transition builds upon AFRL and ThermAvant efforts to develop and validate an oscillating heat pipe operating limits model,” Taft said. “AFRL tested early OHP designs in the Advanced Structurally Embedded Thermal Spreader (ASETS) microgravity aircraft flight campaign in 2012, and the ASETS-II experiment on OTV-5 (aka X-37B) in 2017.” 
  
According to AFRL and their industry partners, OHPs are the future of spacecraft thermal control.  
  
“At AFRL, we are excited to have the first operational OHPs flying in space,” Allison said. “I would like to congratulate our Air Force researchers, our contractor ThermAvant, and the system integrator Maxar for their success and dogged commitment. We look forward to seeing OHPs revolutionize thermal control for the next generation of Space Force satellites.” 
 
Allison explained this circuitous technology development path leading from military service laboratories, to private industry, and then back to the military, is actually a common approach.   
 
“Each organization plays a part in bringing technology to fruition,” he said. “The service lab connects the needs of the warfighter with technological possibilities, providing the seed that ultimately yields a viable product. Industry is motivated to take risks to bring better products to market, and commercial success proves to the Space Force that a new technology is reliable enough to serve the warfighter and the nation.” 
 
The incorporation of the OHPs on an operational satellite is a big step forward.  AFRL believes this represents the start of the fourth generation of spacecraft thermal control. According to Allison, based on historical trends in this field, he expects this technology to drive spacecraft architecture for the next 20 years.  
  
“We have seen how every generation heralds a new era in spacecraft thermal control by introducing a new, revolutionary technology, Allison said. “The first generation used only thermal conduction, the second generation introduced heat pipes, and the third generation introduced loop heat pipes. The advent of each new generation enabled larger, more powerful spacecraft.” 
 
Allison believes now is the time for the next generation, and OHPs are the perfect technology to enable future missions.  
 
“We expect OHPs to be the linchpin thermal control technology on satellites from 2020 to 2040,” Allison said. “It’s my proposition that the fourth era is defined by oscillating heat pipes, and that the revolution that OHPs enable will be not so much focused on larger and more powerful spacecraft, but smaller and more powerful spacecraft.” 
  
About AFRL 

The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is the primary scientific research and development center for the Department of the Air Force. AFRL plays an integral role in leading the discovery, development, and integration of affordable warfighting technologies for our air, space, and cyberspace forces. With a workforce of more than 11,500 across nine technology areas and 40 operations across the globe, AFRL provides a diverse portfolio of science and technology ranging from fundamental to advanced research and technology development. For more information, visit: www.afresearchlab.com 
  
About ThermAvant Technologies 

ThermAvant Technologies™ designs and manufactures high efficiency thermal-mechanical structures with the oscillating heat pipe (OHP) technology for aerospace, defense and high-technology customers. Based in Columbia, Missouri, ThermAvant engineers and technicians provide solutions from its AS9100, ISO9001 certified facility. Customers include U.S. agencies, their prime contractors and opto-electronics firms. For more information, visit: www.thermavant.com  
 
About Maxar Technologies 

Maxar is a trusted partner and innovator in Earth Intelligence and Space Infrastructure. We deliver disruptive value to government and commercial customers to help them monitor, understand and navigate our changing planet; deliver global broadband communications; and explore and advance the use of space. Our unique approach combines decades of deep mission understanding and a proven commercial and defense foundation to deploy solutions and deliver insights with unrivaled speed, scale and cost effectiveness. Maxar’s 4,400 team members in over 20 global locations, are inspired to harness the potential of space to help our customers create a better world. Maxar trades on the New York Stock Exchange and Toronto Stock Exchange as MAXR. For more information, visit www.maxar.com.